Southern Europe countries are said to be at the greatest risk from a deadly disease described as a “very serious threat” to the EU’s olive industry.

The European Food Safety Authority (ESFA) says computer modelling has helped understand how it spreads, but there is no cure for infected plants.

Olive trees are being destroyed by some of the most dangerous pathogens in the world

Experts describe this olive tree eating disease, dubbed Xylella, as one of the “most dangerous pathogens worldwide”.

It was first recorded in Italy in 2013, and has since spread to other European nations.

“One of the problems of Xylella is that is a bit of a silent spreader,” explained Dr Stephen Parnell from the University of Salford and chairman of the EFSA’s working group on Xylella fastidiosa pest risk assessment.

“You can have different lengths of time it can remain hidden. For example, in olive trees it can remain hidden for a year or more. That sort of information is really important when you try and design ways to detect the disease in new areas.”

He warned that once the disease infected plants, there was no cure.

“The only way to eradicate or slow down the spread is to remove the inoculant source.

“However, there are other things you can do, such as control the vector population and remove the weeds where the vectors can live.”

Controlling the spread

Since the pathogens arrival in the EU six years ago, researchers have been able to collect data about it and have now developed computer models to help them tackle the disease.

“What we were able to do was to simulate the spread of Xylella at an orchard scale and at a landscape scale, and to use that information to test out the effectiveness of certain control methods,” Dr Parnell observed.

The olive harvest in southern Italy has been hit by the disease ever since 2013

The bacterium invades the vessels that a plant uses to transport water and nutrients, causing it to display symptoms such as scorching and wilting of its foliage, eventually followed by the death of the plant.

Since it was first detected in olive trees in Puglia, southern Italy, in October 2013, it has been recorded in a number of other locations, including southern France, Spain and northern Portugal.

Experts warn that should the disease, which has numerous hosts and vectors, spread more widely, then it has the potential to devastate the EU olive harvest.

Globally, the EU is the largest producer and consumer of olive oil. According to the European Commission, the 28-nation bloc produces 73% and consumes 66% of the the world’s olive oil.

X. fastidiosa outbreak is said to have led to a 20% increase in olive oil prices during 2015

Dr Parnell explained that the risk assessment by the EFSA showed that the greatest risk of an outbreak was in southern Europe.

But, he added: “Because it is such as complicated pathogen, you have got multiple sub species , multiple strains etc, they all behave in a slightly different way.

“One variety has shown that it could potentially infect areas in northern Europe.”

The bad news that expert give us is that: “There is still a lot of uncertainty out there, unfortunately.“

Source: bbc.com